EMERGENCE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES !

• Emerging technologies are those technical innovations which represent
  progressive developments within a field for competitive advantage.
• Emerging technologies are new or innovative technologies that have recently been developed. They can potentially have a significant impact on society and the economy. 

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

• A GIS integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.
• GIS allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps,
  globes, reports, and charts.
• A GIS helps you answer questions and solve problems by looking at your data ina way that is quickly understood and easily shared.
• GIS technology can be integrated into any enterprise information system framework.
• By using GIS tool, user can arrange and display the data about places on the earth in variety of ways including maps, charts and tables.
  
• GIS technology can be integrated into any enterprise information system
  framework.

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

• GPS means Global Positioning System and it is a satellite based navigation system.
• GPS provides the position information of the earth.
• GPS is a system that can provide a position at any point on the Earth’s surface toa very high degree of accuracy.
  
• GPS is a system that measures the distances from the satellites that are in path around the Earth.
•  A GPS contains 3 types of segments like User, Control and Space.
  
• User segment changes according to the requirements of application but, Control and Space segments do not change for all applications.

GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION (GSM)

• GSM stands for Global System For Mobile communication.
• GSM is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world.
• Its promoter, the GSM association, estimates that 80% of the global mobile
  market uses the standard.
• GSM is used by over 3 billion people across more than 212 countries.
• Its ubiquity makes international roaming very common between mobile phone
  operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world.

CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (CDMA)

• CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access.
• CDMA is a spread spectrum technology that allows many users to occupy the
  same time & frequency allocations in a given space.
• CDMA assigns unique codes to each user to differentiate it from other in the same spectrum.
• Its platform on which 2G & 3G advanced services are built.
• The foremost application of CDMA technology is digital cellular phone
  technology operating in 800MHz and 1.9HZ PCS bands.
  
• After the speech the codec converts voice into digital, CDMA spread the voice
  stream over the full 1.25MHz bandwidth of the CDMA channel, coding each
  stream separately so it can be decoded at the receiving end.’